[Linux Shell学习系列十四]sed和awk-3.sed命令实例

D27

1. 向文件中添加或插入行

1）在文件的指定行后添加一行内容

$ cat info.txt 
Linux - Sysadmin
Database - Oracle, MySQL etc.
Security - Firewall, Network, Online Security etc.
Cool - Websites

$ sed ‘3a\ 
> Solaries - Sysadmin, Recovery etc.‘ info.txt
Linux - Sysadmin
Database - Oracle, MySQL etc.
Security - Firewall, Network, Online Security etc.
Solaries - Sysadmin, Recovery etc.
Cool - Websites

2）在匹配模式的行之后添加一行内容

$ sed ‘/Database/a\
Solaries - Sysadmin, Recovery etc.‘ info.txt
Linux - Sysadmin
Database - Oracle, MySQL etc.
Solaries - Sysadmin, Recovery etc.
Security - Firewall, Network, Online Security etc.
Cool - Websites

3）在文件的最后一行后添加多行内容

$ sed ‘$a\ 
Solaries - Sysadmin, Recovery etc.Windows - Sysadmin etc.‘ info.txt
Linux - Sysadmin
Database - Oracle, MySQL etc.
Security - Firewall, Network, Online Security etc.
Cool - Websites
Solaries - Sysadmin, Recovery etc.
Windows - Sysadmin etc.

4）在文件的指定行之前插入一行内容

$ sed ‘3i\
> Solaries - Sysadmin, Recovery etc.‘ info.txt
Linux - Sysadmin
Database - Oracle, MySQL etc.
Solaries - Sysadmin, Recovery etc.
Security - Firewall, Network, Online Security etc.
Cool - Websites

5）在匹配指定模式的行之前插入多行内容

$ sed ‘/Security/i\
> Solaries - Sysadmin, Recovery etc.> Windows - Sysadmin etc.‘ info.txt
Linux - Sysadmin
Database - Oracle, MySQL etc.
Solaries - Sysadmin, Recovery etc.
Windows - Sysadmin etc.
Security - Firewall, Network, Online Security etc.
Cool - Websites

6）在文件的最后一行之前插入一行内容

$ sed ‘$i\
> Solaries - Sysadmin, Recovery etc.‘ info.txt
Linux - Sysadmin
Database - Oracle, MySQL etc.
Security - Firewall, Network, Online Security etc.
Solaries - Sysadmin, Recovery etc.
Cool - Websites

2. 更改文件中指定的行

1）修改文件中的第一行

$ sed ‘1c<Change line 1>‘ info.txt
<Change line 1>
Database - Oracle, MySQL etc.
Security - Firewall, Network, Online Security etc.
Cool - Websites

2）修改匹配指定模式的行

$ sed ‘/Cool/c<Change line Cool>‘ info.txt 
Linux - Sysadmin
Database - Oracle, MySQL etc.
Security - Firewall, Network, Online Security etc.
<Change line Cool>

3）更改文件的最后一行

$ sed ‘$c<Change last line>‘ info.txt 
Linux - Sysadmin
Database - Oracle, MySQL etc.
Security - Firewall, Network, Online Security etc.
<Change last line>

3. 删除文件中的行

$ cat info_num.txt 
1.      Linux - Sysadmin
2.      Database - Oracle, MySQL etc.
3.      Security - Firewall, Network, Online Security etc.
4.      Cool - Websites

#1）删除文件中指定的行
$ sed ‘4d‘ info_num.txt 
1.      Linux - Sysadmin
2.      Database - Oracle, MySQL etc.
3.      Security - Firewall, Network, Online Security etc.

#2）从指定的行开始删除，每隔固定的行数删除一行。
#从第一行开始，每隔两行删除一行
$ sed ‘1~2d‘ info_num.txt 
2.      Database - Oracle, MySQL etc.
4.      Cool - Websites

#3）删除指定范围内的行
$ sed ‘3,4d‘ info_num.txt 
1.      Linux - Sysadmin
2.      Database - Oracle, MySQL etc.

#4）删除指定范围以外的行
$ sed ‘3,4!d‘ info_num.txt 
3.      Security - Firewall, Network, Online Security etc.
4.      Cool - Websites

#5）删除文件的最后一行
$ sed ‘$d‘ info_num.txt 
1.      Linux - Sysadmin
2.      Database - Oracle, MySQL etc.
3.      Security - Firewall, Network, Online Security etc.

#6）删除文件中匹配指定模式的行
$ sed ‘/Linux/d‘ info_num.txt 
2.      Database - Oracle, MySQL etc.
3.      Security - Firewall, Network, Online Security etc.
4.      Cool - Websites

#7）从指定模式的行删除，直到文件的最后一行
$ sed ‘/Security/,$d‘ info_num.txt 
1.      Linux - Sysadmin
2.      Database - Oracle, MySQL etc.

#8）删除文件中匹配指定模式的行及其后面n行的内容
$ sed ‘/Database/,+1d‘ info_num.txt 
1.      Linux - Sysadmin
4.      Cool - Websites

#9）删除文件中的空行
$ sed ‘/^$/d‘ info_num.txt 
1.      Linux - Sysadmin
2.      Database - Oracle, MySQL etc.
3.      Security - Firewall, Network, Online Security etc.
4.      Cool - Websites

#10）删除文件中不匹配指定模式的行
$ sed ‘/Database\|Security/!d‘ info_num.txt 
2.      Database - Oracle, MySQL etc.
3.      Security - Firewall, Network, Online Security etc.

#11）删除文件的指定范围内的行中匹配指定模式的行
$ sed ‘1,2{/etc\./d}‘ info_num.txt 
1.      Linux - Sysadmin
3.      Security - Firewall, Network, Online Security etc.
4.      Cool - Websites

4. 替换文件中的内容

$ cat techClass.txt 
1.      Network: Route, Switch, Wireless, Communicate, Device
2.      Security: Data Protection, Terminal Security, Cloud Security, WEB Security
3.      Server: Blade, Mini Computer, Mainframe, HPC, Disaster Recovery, Network
4.      Database: SQLServer, MySQL, Oracle, DB2
5.      OS: Linux, Unix, Windows
#Additional class

#1）替换一行中第一个匹配模式的字符串
#将一行中第一个Security替换为Safety
$ sed ‘s/Security/Safety/‘ techClass.txt 
1.      Network: Route, Switch, Wireless, Communicate, Device
2.      Safety: Data Protection, Terminal Security, Cloud Security, WEB Security
3.      Server: Blade, Mini Computer, Mainframe, HPC, Disaster Recovery, Network
4.      Database: SQLServer, MySQL, Oracle, DB2
5.      OS: Linux, Unix, Windows
#Additional class

#2）替换文件中匹配指定模式的所有字符串
#将一行中所有的Security替换为Safety
$ sed ‘s/Security/Safety/g‘ techClass.txt 
1.      Network: Route, Switch, Wireless, Communicate, Device
2.      Safety: Data Protection, Terminal Safety, Cloud Safety, WEB Safety
3.      Server: Blade, Mini Computer, Mainframe, HPC, Disaster Recovery, Network
4.      Database: SQLServer, MySQL, Oracle, DB2
5.      OS: Linux, Unix, Windows
#Additional class

#3）替换文件中每行第n个匹配指定模式的字符串
#将一行中第三个Security替换为Safety
$ sed ‘s/Security/Safety/3‘ techClass.txt 
1.      Network: Route, Switch, Wireless, Communicate, Device
2.      Security: Data Protection, Terminal Security, Cloud Safety, WEB Security
3.      Server: Blade, Mini Computer, Mainframe, HPC, Disaster Recovery, Network
4.      Database: SQLServer, MySQL, Oracle, DB2
5.      OS: Linux, Unix, Windows
#Additional class

#4）将发生字符串替换的行写入指定的文件，并只打印发生替换的行
#将Database替换为DB
$ sed -n ‘s/Database/DB/gpw sedOutput.txt‘ techClass.txt 
4.      DB: SQLServer, MySQL, Oracle, DB2

#文件内容
$ cat sedOutput.txt 
4.      DB: SQLServer, MySQL, Oracle, DB2

#5)只替换文件中匹配指定模式的行中的字符串
#将逗号以后的字符串替换为空
$ sed ‘/:/s/,.*//g‘ techClass.txt 
1.      Network: Route
2.      Security: Data Protection
3.      Server: Blade
4.      Database: SQLServer
5.      OS: Linux
#Additional class

#6）删掉每行的最后n个字符
#删除每行的最后2个字符
$ sed ‘s/..$//g‘ techClass.txt 
1.      Network: Route, Switch, Wireless, Communicate, Devi
2.      Security: Data Protection, Terminal Security, Cloud Security, WEB Securi
3.      Server: Blade, Mini Computer, Mainframe, HPC, Disaster Recovery, Netwo
4.      Database: SQLServer, MySQL, Oracle, D
5.      OS: Linux, Unix, Windo
#Additional cla

#7）删除文件中的注释，即以#开头的行替换为空
#注意这里会保留一个空行
$ sed ‘s/^#.*//g‘ techClass.txt 
1.      Network: Route, Switch, Wireless, Communicate, Device
2.      Security: Data Protection, Terminal Security, Cloud Security, WEB Security
3.      Server: Blade, Mini Computer, Mainframe, HPC, Disaster Recovery, Network
4.      Database: SQLServer, MySQL, Oracle, DB2
5.      OS: Linux, Unix, Windows


#8）删除文件中的注释及其空行
#;前面的/^#.*//是将注释行替换为空，;后面的/^$/d是删除空行
$ sed ‘s/^#.*//;/^$/d‘ techClass.txt 
1.      Network: Route, Switch, Wireless, Communicate, Device
2.      Security: Data Protection, Terminal Security, Cloud Security, WEB Security
3.      Server: Blade, Mini Computer, Mainframe, HPC, Disaster Recovery, Network
4.      Database: SQLServer, MySQL, Oracle, DB2
5.      OS: Linux, Unix, Windows

#9）使用符号&获得匹配的字符串
#匹配的模式是：数字.，将匹配的字符串加上括号
$ sed ‘s/^[0-9]\./(&)/‘ techClass.txt 
(1.)    Network: Route, Switch, Wireless, Communicate, Device
(2.)    Security: Data Protection, Terminal Security, Cloud Security, WEB Security
(3.)    Server: Blade, Mini Computer, Mainframe, HPC, Disaster Recovery, Network
(4.)    Database: SQLServer, MySQL, Oracle, DB2
(5.)    OS: Linux, Unix, Windows
#Additional class

#与上面的命令结果相同
#通过()获取字符串（()需要转义）
$ sed ‘s/\(^[0-9]\.\)/(\1)/‘ techClass.txt 
(1.)    Network: Route, Switch, Wireless, Communicate, Device
(2.)    Security: Data Protection, Terminal Security, Cloud Security, WEB Security
(3.)    Server: Blade, Mini Computer, Mainframe, HPC, Disaster Recovery, Network
(4.)    Database: SQLServer, MySQL, Oracle, DB2
(5.)    OS: Linux, Unix, Windows
#Additional class

5. 打印文件中的行

$ cat techClass.txt 
1.      Network: Route, Switch, Wireless, Communicate, Device
2.      Security: Data Protection, Terminal Security, Cloud Security, WEB Security
3.      Server: Blade, Mini Computer, Mainframe, HPC, Disaster Recovery, Network
4.      Database: SQLServer, MySQL, Oracle, DB2
5.      OS: Linux, Unix, Windows
#Additional class

#1）打印文件中第n行的内容
#打印第4行
$ sed -n ‘4p‘ techClass.txt 
4.      Database: SQLServer, MySQL, Oracle, DB2

#2）从第n行开始，每m行打印一行（每隔m-1行）
#从第1行开始，每2行打印一行
$ sed -n ‘1~2p‘ techClass.txt 
1.      Network: Route, Switch, Wireless, Communicate, Device
3.      Server: Blade, Mini Computer, Mainframe, HPC, Disaster Recovery, Network
5.      OS: Linux, Unix, Windows

#3）打印文件的最后一行的内容
$ sed -n ‘$p‘ techClass.txt 
#Additional class

#4）打印文件的第n~m行的内容
#打印第2到4行
$ sed -n ‘2,4p‘ techClass.txt 
2.      Security: Data Protection, Terminal Security, Cloud Security, WEB Security
3.      Server: Blade, Mini Computer, Mainframe, HPC, Disaster Recovery, Network
4.      Database: SQLServer, MySQL, Oracle, DB2

#5）打印文件的第n行到最后一行的内容
#打印第3行到最后一行
$ sed -n ‘3,$p‘ techClass.txt 
3.      Server: Blade, Mini Computer, Mainframe, HPC, Disaster Recovery, Network
4.      Database: SQLServer, MySQL, Oracle, DB2
5.      OS: Linux, Unix, Windows
#Additional class

#6）打印文件中匹配指定模式的行的内容
#匹配Network的行
$ sed -n ‘/Network/p‘ techClass.txt 
1.      Network: Route, Switch, Wireless, Communicate, Device
3.      Server: Blade, Mini Computer, Mainframe, HPC, Disaster Recovery, Network

#7）打印文件中从匹配模式的行到指定行的内容
#匹配Network的行到第4行
$ sed -n ‘/Network/,4p‘ techClass.txt 
1.      Network: Route, Switch, Wireless, Communicate, Device
2.      Security: Data Protection, Terminal Security, Cloud Security, WEB Security
3.      Server: Blade, Mini Computer, Mainframe, HPC, Disaster Recovery, Network
4.      Database: SQLServer, MySQL, Oracle, DB2

#8）打印文件中从第n行到匹配指定模式的行
#打印第1行到匹配Security的行
$ sed -n ‘1,/Security/p‘ techClass.txt 
1.      Network: Route, Switch, Wireless, Communicate, Device
2.      Security: Data Protection, Terminal Security, Cloud Security, WEB Security

#9）打印文件中从匹配指定模式的行到最后一行的内容
$ sed -n ‘/Server/,$p‘ techClass.txt 
3.      Server: Blade, Mini Computer, Mainframe, HPC, Disaster Recovery, Network
4.      Database: SQLServer, MySQL, Oracle, DB2
5.      OS: Linux, Unix, Windows
#Additional class

#10）打印文件中匹配指定模式的行及其后面的n行
#匹配Network的行及其后面一行，因为第1行和第3行都是匹配的行，所以打印了4行
$ sed -n ‘/Network/,+1p‘ techClass.txt 
1.      Network: Route, Switch, Wireless, Communicate, Device
2.      Security: Data Protection, Terminal Security, Cloud Security, WEB Security
3.      Server: Blade, Mini Computer, Mainframe, HPC, Disaster Recovery, Network
4.      Database: SQLServer, MySQL, Oracle, DB2

#如果是打印匹配Network的行及其后面两行，则只打印3行
$ sed -n ‘/Network/,+2p‘ techClass.txt 
1.      Network: Route, Switch, Wireless, Communicate, Device
2.      Security: Data Protection, Terminal Security, Cloud Security, WEB Security
3.      Server: Blade, Mini Computer, Mainframe, HPC, Disaster Recovery, Network

#11）打印文件从匹配指定模式的行到匹配另一个模式的行
#从匹配Security的行，直到匹配DB的行
$ sed -n ‘/Security/,/DB/p‘ techClass.txt 
2.      Security: Data Protection, Terminal Security, Cloud Security, WEB Security
3.      Server: Blade, Mini Computer, Mainframe, HPC, Disaster Recovery, Network
4.      Database: SQLServer, MySQL, Oracle, DB2