在Oracle世界,你可以使用:
1)case表达式 或者
2)decode函数
来实现逻辑判断。Oracle的DECODE函数功能很强,灵活运用的话可以避免多次扫描,从而提高查询的性能。而CASE是9i以后提供的语法,这个语法更加的灵活,提供了IF THEN ELSE的功能。
case表达式
case表达式,可分两种,简单和搜索,简单case后接表达式,如:
对于简单的case需要几点注意:
1)寻找when的优先级:从上到下
2)再多的when,也只有一个出口,即其中有一个满足了expr就马上退出case
3)不能把return_expr和else_expr指定为null,而且,expr、comparison_expr和return_expr的数据类型必须相同。
搜索case:
CASE WHEN condition THEN return_expr
[WHEN condition THEN return_expr]
...
ELSE else_expr
END
例子:
- SELECT (CASE WHEN cust_credit_limit BETWEEN 0 AND 3999 THEN ' 0 - 3999'
- WHEN cust_credit_limit BETWEEN 4000 AND 7999 THEN ' 4000 - 7999'
- WHEN cust_credit_limit BETWEEN 8000 AND 11999 THEN ' 8000 - 11999'
- WHEN cust_credit_limit BETWEEN 12000 AND 16000 THEN '12000 - 16000' END)
- AS BUCKET, COUNT(*) AS Count_in_Group
- FROM customers WHERE cust_city = 'Marshal' GROUP BY
- (CASE WHEN cust_credit_limit BETWEEN 0 AND 3999 THEN ' 0 - 3999'
- WHEN cust_credit_limit BETWEEN 4000 AND 7999 THEN ' 4000 - 7999'
- WHEN cust_credit_limit BETWEEN 8000 AND 11999 THEN ' 8000 - 11999'
- WHEN cust_credit_limit BETWEEN 12000 AND 16000 THEN '12000 - 16000' END);
-
- BUCKET COUNT_IN_GROUP
-
- 0 - 3999 8
- 4000 - 7999 7
- 8000 - 11999 7
- 12000 - 16000 1
用decode可以违反第3NF(行不可再分,列不可再分,列不可重复):列重复
- hr@ORCL> select * from a;
-
- ID NAME
-
- 1 a
- 2 b
- 3 c
- 1 a
-
- hr@ORCL> select sum(decode(id,1,1,0)) think,
- 2 sum(decode(id,2,2,0)) water,
- 3 sum(decode(id,3,3,0)) linshuibin
- 4 from a;
-
- THINK WATER LINSHUIBIN
-
- 2 2 3