CASE表达式在Oracle8i被加入到SQL中,Oracle9i对其进行了扩展,使CASE表达式和CASE语句可以用在PL/SQL中。
值匹配CASE表达式
较DECODE函数而言,CASE表达式更灵活。其最简单的应用方式时当匹配成功时返回特定值。
SELECT ename, empno,
(CASE deptno
WHEN 10 THEN 'Accounting'
WHEN 20 THEN 'Research'
WHEN 30 THEN 'Sales'
WHEN 40 THEN 'Operations'
ELSE 'Unknown'
END) department
FROM emp
ORDER BY ename;
CASE表达式也可以用在PL/SQL中。
SET SERVEROUTPUT ON
DECLARE
deptno NUMBER := 20;
dept_desc VARCHAR2(20);
BEGIN
dept_desc := CASE deptno
WHEN 10 THEN 'Accounting'
WHEN 20 THEN 'Research'
WHEN 30 THEN 'Sales'
WHEN 40 THEN 'Operations'
ELSE 'Unknown'
END;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(dept_desc);
END;
/
搜索CASE表达式
在搜索CASE表达式中,比较表达式被用来作为匹配条件。此方式下,比较条件不再限于一列。
SELECT ename, empno,
(CASE
WHEN sal
WHEN sal BETWEEN 1000 AND 3000 THEN 'Medium'
WHEN sal > 3000 THEN 'High'
ELSE 'N/A'
END) salary
FROM emp
ORDER BY ename;
搜索CASE表达式也可以应用于PL/SQL中。
SET SERVEROUTPUT ON
DECLARE
sal NUMBER := 2000;
sal_desc VARCHAR2(20);
BEGIN
sal_desc := CASE
WHEN sal
WHEN sal BETWEEN 1000 AND 3000 THEN 'Medium'
WHEN sal > 3000 THEN 'High'
ELSE 'N/A'
END;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(sal_desc);
END;
/
值匹配CASE语句
PL/SQL中还支持值匹配CASE语句,用法和CASE表达式非常相似,主要的差别是CASE语句以END CASE结尾,而不是像CASE表达式那样以END结尾。CASE语句可以作为IF..THEN..ELSEIF的替代品。
SET SERVEROUTPUT ON
BEGIN
FOR cur_rec IN (SELECT ename, empno, deptno FROM emp ORDER BY ename) LOOP
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT(cur_rec.ename || ' : ' || cur_rec.empno || ' : ');
CASE cur_rec.deptno
WHEN 10 THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Accounting');
WHEN 20 THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Research');
WHEN 30 THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Sales');
WHEN 40 THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Operations');
ELSE
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Unknown');
END CASE;
END LOOP;
END;
/
搜索CASE语句
就像搜索CASE表达式一样,该语句可以进行多个变量的比较。
SET SERVEROUTPUT ON
BEGIN
FOR cur_rec IN (SELECT ename, empno, sal FROM emp ORDER BY ename) LOOP
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT(cur_rec.ename || ' : ' || cur_rec.empno || ' : ');
CASE
WHEN cur_rec.sal
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Low');
WHEN cur_rec.sal BETWEEN 1000 AND 3000 THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Medium');
WHEN cur_rec.sal > 3000 THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('High');
ELSE
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Unknown');
END CASE;
END LOOP;
END;
/