lttXiangFangJia 2019-06-02
一、概述
Aop(aspect oriented programming面向切面编程),是spring框架的另一个特征。AOP包括切面、连接点、通知(advice)、切入点(pointCut) 。
1.aop几个概念:
2.主要功能:
3.advice类型:
4.Spring对AOP的支持
Spring中AOP代理由Spring的IOC容器负责生成、管理,其依赖关系也由IOC容器负责管理。因此,AOP代理可以直接使用容器中的其它bean实例作为目标,这种关系可由IOC容器的依赖注入提供。
二、基于xml配置的aop
在spring基于schemel中,aop需要声明一个切面aspect,一个pointcut,一个advisor. 举个例子:
切面:
public class MoocAspect { public void before() { System.out.println("MoocAspect before."); } }
切点:
public class AspectBiz { public void biz() { System.out.println("AspectBiz biz."); // throw new RuntimeException(); }
配置文件:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.0.xsd"> <bean id="moocAspect" class="com.imooc.aop.schema.advice.MoocAspect"></bean> <bean id="aspectBiz" class="com.imooc.aop.schema.advice.biz.AspectBiz"></bean> <aop:config> <aop:aspect id="moocAspectAOP" ref="moocAspect"> <aop:pointcut expression="execution(* com.imooc.aop.schema.advice.biz.*Biz.*(..))" id="moocPiontcut"/> <aop:before method="before" pointcut-ref="moocPiontcut"/> </aop:aspect> </aop:config> </beans>
单元测试:
@RunWith(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.class) public class TestAOPSchemaAdvice extends UnitTestBase { public TestAOPSchemaAdvice() { super("classpath:spring-aop-schema-advice.xml"); } @Test public void testBiz() { AspectBiz biz = super.getBean("aspectBiz"); biz.biz(); } }
运行:
MoocAspect before.
AspectBiz biz.
这是 机遇 schemel配置使用aop,其实在spring 1.2版本是有api的,基于api配置aop很麻烦,但是也也应该了解下
三、基于spring api方式配置aop
直接上代码:
接口中有两个方法,一个基于aop,会被拦截 ,另外一个不会被拦截。
public interface IAopService {
public void withAop() throws Exception;
public void withoutAop() throws Exception;
}
实现类:
public class AopServiceImpl implements IAopService { private String name="forezp"; public void withAop() throws Exception { System.out.println("with aop run: " + name); if (name.trim().length() == 0) throw new AccountException("name cannot be null"); } public void withoutAop() throws Exception { System.out.println("without aop"); } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } }
方法前拦截器,实现MethodBeforeAdvice,在制定方法前会被调用。
public class MethodBeforeInterceptor implements MethodBeforeAdvice { public void before(Method method, Object[] args, Object instance) throws Throwable { System.out.println("method invoke:" + method.getName()); if (instance instanceof AopServiceImpl) { String name = ((AopServiceImpl) instance).getName(); if (name == null) throw new NullPointerException("name cannot be null"); } } }
返回后拦截器,执行指定方法后会被调用。
public class MethodAfterInterceptor implements AfterReturningAdvice { public void afterReturning(Object value, Method method, Object[] args, Object instance) throws Throwable { System.out.println("method " + method.getName() + "had finished and return value-" + value); } }
异常拦截器,当出现异常时拦截:
public class ThrowsInterceptor implements ThrowsAdvice { public void afterThrowing(Method method, Object[] args, Object instance, AccountException ex) throws Throwable { System.out.println("method" + method.getName() + " throws exception:" + ex); } public void afterThrowing(NullPointerException ex) throws Throwable { System.out.println("the exception:" + ex); } }
三个拦截器和Servce实现类需要配置到spring中。实际上,spring无法组装,需要借助代理类,把拦截器安装到NameMatchMethodPointcutAdvisor中,把自定义的bean安装到ProxyFactoryBean中,然后组装在一起:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.0.xsd"> <!-- 拦截器 在 withAop() 方法前运行 --> <bean id="aopMethodBeforeInterceptor" class="org.springframework.aop.support.NameMatchMethodPointcutAdvisor"> <property name="advice"> <bean class="com.imooc.aop.example2.MethodBeforeInterceptor" /> </property> <property name="mappedName" value="withAop"></property> </bean> <!-- 拦截器 在 withAop() 返回后运行 --> <bean id="aopMethodAfterInterceptor" class="org.springframework.aop.support.NameMatchMethodPointcutAdvisor"> <property name="advice"> <bean class="com.imooc.aop.example2.MethodAfterInterceptor" /> </property> <property name="mappedName" value="withAop"></property> </bean> <!-- 拦截器 在异常抛出后运行 --> <bean id="aopThrowsInterceptor" class="org.springframework.aop.support.NameMatchMethodPointcutAdvisor"> <property name="advice"> <bean class="com.imooc.aop.example2.ThrowsInterceptor" /> </property> <property name="mappedName" value="withAop"></property> </bean> <bean id="aopService" class="org.springframework.aop.framework.ProxyFactoryBean"> <!-- 拦截器 --> <property name="interceptorNames"> <list> <value>aopMethodBeforeInterceptor</value> <value>aopMethodAfterInterceptor</value> <value>aopThrowsInterceptor</value> </list> </property> <!-- 被拦截的对象 --> <property name="target"> <bean class="com.imooc.aop.example2.AopServiceImpl"> <property name="name" value="forezp"></property> </bean> </property> </bean> </beans>