12、创建mysql用户及赋予用户权限

CHINA华军 2020-02-16

1、通过help命令查看grant的用法:

CREATE USER ‘jeffrey‘@‘localhost‘ IDENTIFIED BY ‘password‘;

GRANT ALL ON db1.* TO ‘jeffrey‘@‘localhost‘;

GRANT SELECT ON db2.invoice TO ‘jeffrey‘@‘localhost‘;

GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO ‘jeffrey‘@‘localhost‘ WITH MAX_QUERIES_PER_HOUR 90;

2、运维人员标胶常用的创建用户的方法:

使用grant命令在创建用户的同时进行权限的授权,具体的例子如下;

grant all privileges on db1.* to ‘jeffrey‘@‘localhost‘ identified by ‘123456‘;

这一条命令等于"1、"中标红的两条命令;

3、grant命令权限:

(1)grant命令语法:

grant all privileges on dbname.* to ‘username‘@‘locahost‘ identified by ‘password‘

grant all privileges on dbname.* to identified by password

授权命令 对应权限 目标 库和表 用户名和客户端主机 用户密码

注意:all privleges权限不包括创建用户的权限;

(2)用法:

1)创建用户并赋予权限的方法:

mysql> grant all privileges on lc.* to ‘lc‘@‘localhost‘ identified by ‘123456‘;

mysql> select user,host from mysql.user;

+-----------+------------+

| user | host |

+-----------+------------+

| root | 127.0.0.1 |

| wordpress | 172.16.1.% |

| root | ::1 |

| root | db01 |

| lc | localhost |

| root | localhost |

+-----------+------------+

6 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> show grants for ‘lc‘@‘localhost‘;

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

| Grants for |

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

| GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO ‘lc‘@‘localhost‘ IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD ‘*6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9‘ |

| GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON `lc`.* TO ‘lc‘@‘localhost‘ |

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

2)创建用户和权限命令配合的方法:

mysql> create user ‘lc3‘@‘localhost‘ identified by ‘123456‘;

#创建的普通用户权限是USAGE,就是没有任何的权限的;

mysql> grant all privileges on lc.* to ‘lc3‘@‘localhost‘;

mysql> flush privileges;

3)授权局域网内主机远程连接数据库:

A、网段:

10.0.0.%

10.0.0.0/255.255.255.0

C、特定ip地址:

10.0.0.1

D、域名:

www.web01.com

C、linux命令行的远程连接:

mysql -uroot -p123456 -P3306 -h localhost

D、通过php服务器连接mysql服务器的代码:

<?php

//$link_id=mysql_connect(‘主机名‘,‘用户‘,‘密码‘);

$link_id=mysql_connect(‘10.0.0.7‘,‘lc‘,‘123456‘) or mysql_error();

if($link_id){

echo "mysql successful by lc!";

}else{

echo "mysql_error()";

}

?>

4、mysql ALL PRIVILEGES权限有哪些:

(1)收回权限:

revoke INSERT ON ‘lc‘.* from ‘lc3‘@‘localhost‘;

flush privileges;

(2)查看all privileges的所有权限:

[ ~]# mysql -ulc3 -p123456 -e "show grants for ‘lc3‘@‘localhost‘;" | tail -1 | tr "," "\n"

GRANT SELECT #查询

UPDATE #更新

INSERT #插入

DELETE #删除

CREATE #创建库和表

DROP #删除库和表

REFERENCES

INDEX #索引

ALTER #修改

CREATE TEMPORARY TABLES #创建临时表

LOCK TABLES #锁表

EXECUTE #执行

CREATE VIEW #创建视图

SHOW VIEW #显示视图

CREATE ROUTINE #创建存储过程

ALTER ROUTINE #显示存储过程

EVENT #事件

TRIGGER ON `lc`.* TO ‘lc3‘@‘localhost‘ #触发器

根据以上的权限在给用户赋权的时候可以用逗号隔开赋权;

mysql> select * from mysql.user; #通过查看mysql库的user表来查看用户的权限

N代表没有权限,Y代表有该权限;

5、企业生产环境中如何授权用户权限:

在授权时可以授权用户最小的满足业务需求的权限,而不是一味的授权"ALL PRIVILEGES"。

(1)博客,cms等产品的数据库授权:

对于web连接用户授权尽量采用最小化的原则,很多开源软件都是web界面安装,因此,在

安装期间除了select,insert,update,delete 4个权限外,还需要create,drop等比较危险的权限;

grant select,insert,update,delete,create,drop on blog.* to ‘blog‘@‘172.16.1.%‘ identified by ‘123456‘;

(2)生成数据库表后,要回收create,drop权限;

revoke crate,drop on blog.* from ‘blog‘@‘localhost‘;

(3)生产环境针对主库(写为主,读为辅)用户的授权:

1)普通环境:

本机:lnmp,lamp环境数据库授权;

grant all privileges on blog.* to ‘blog‘@‘172.16.1.%‘ identified by ‘123456‘;

应用服务器和数据库服务器不在一个主机上的授权;

grant all privileges on blog.* to ‘blog‘@‘172.16.1.%‘ identified by ‘123456‘;

严格的授权:重视安全,忽略方便;

grant select,insert,update,delete on blog.* to ‘blog‘@‘172.16.1.%‘ identified by ‘123456‘;

(4)生产环境从库(只读)用户的授权;

grant select on blog.* to ‘blog‘@‘172.16.1.%‘ identified by ‘123456‘;

提示:这里表示给172.16.1.0/24的用户blog管理blog数据库的所有表(*表示所有表),只读

权限(select),密码为‘123456‘;

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