amazingbo 2019-06-30
在某些场景下,我们希望实体类无论实例化多少次都只会产生一个实体对象,这时候就需要使用单例模式。经常使用的场景就是全局配置类。
"""使用函数定义装饰器"""
def singletons(cls):
"""
定义一个单例装饰器,使用dict保存定义好的实体,key为class的地址而不是名字,这样同名类也不会冲突
"""
instances = {}
def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
if cls not in instances.keys():
instances[cls] = cls(*args, **kwargs)
return instances[cls]
return wrapper"""使用类定义装饰器"""
class singletons(object):
instances = {}
def __init__(self, cls):
self.__cls = cls
def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):
if self.__cls not in singletons.instances.keys():
singletons.instances[self.__cls] = self.__cls(*args, **kwargs)
return singletons.instances[self.__cls]__new__方法,只能针对当前修改的类有效class SingletonTest(object):
__instance = None
__isFirstInit = False
def __new__(cls, name):
if not cls.__instance:
SingletonTest.__instance = super().__new__(cls)
return cls.__instance
def __init__(self, name):
if not self.__isFirstInit:
self.__name = name
SingletonTest.__isFirstInit = True
def getName(self):
return self.__name
@singletons
class Test(object):
def __init__(self, name):
self.__name = name
def hello(self):
print("I am {} object {}".format(self.__name, id(self)))
if __name__ == "__main__":
test1 = Test("test1")
test2 = Test("test2")
test1.hello()
test2.hello()
'''测试输出'''
# I am test1 object 2453169112512
# I am test1 object 2453169112512class Singleton: def __new__: # 关键在于这,每一次实例化的时候,我们都只会返回这同一个instance对象 if not hasattr: cls.instance =