经常要对一些新存储系统进行 I/O Benchmark 测试，每次测试又有可能针对不同的目的，但基本也都是围绕数据库转悠，心血来潮，对几个常见的工具做个比较。
要强调的几点:
ORION –Oracle I/O Numbers Calibration Tool 还是比较全面的针对数据库应用的 IO 测试工具。现在 Oracle 发布了不少平台的移植版本。该工具也比较好用。
数据库应用必需要考虑异步 I/O 的因素，否则结果会有很大偏差，当然如果只测试存储能力的话，到可以忽略。AIO 压力测试可以考虑以下 AIO-Stress
Unix 命令 dd 虽然很土，但还是一个测试 I/O 的基本手段和方法.有的时候即使没别的工具只用它也能发现很多问题。另外一个需要注意的就是字符设备和块设备的差别啦。更新: 就当我说得是 GNU dd吧，谢谢下面留言的朋友。
有些工具因为用过很久了，记忆难免有问题，表格中会有误导。仅供参考。
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Linux IO测试实践 （原创文章）
以下数据的测试时间是 2013-7-28 23-24点 ，正是阿里云服务器不忙的时间。
方法1 hdparm 阿里云服务器
-------------------------------
CentOS 5.7操作系统 (阿里云服务器系统盘) 顺序读取测试
[root@1hao ~]# hdparm -t /dev/hda
/dev/hda:
Timing buffered disk reads: 942 MB in 3.00 seconds = 313.98 MB/sec(第一次)
Timing buffered disk reads: 934 MB in 3.00 seconds = 311.30 MB/sec(第二次)
Timing buffered disk reads: 162 MB in 3.00 seconds = 53.93 MB/sec (2013-7-28 14:00)
CentOS 5.7操作系统 (阿里云服务器虚拟盘) 顺序读取测试
[root@1hao ~]# hdparm -t /dev/xvdb
/dev/xvdb:
Timing buffered disk reads: 122 MB in 3.02 seconds = 40.38 MB/sec(第一次)
Timing buffered disk reads: 134 MB in 3.03 seconds = 44.22 MB/sec(第二次)
参考：http://blog.chinaunix.net/uid-186064-id-2823326.html
方法1 hdparm MAC OS 10.7 笔记本
-------------------------------
MAC OS 10.7 操作系统 （5400转笔记本硬盘） 顺序读取测试
默认没有hdparm，所有没做测试
方法2 dd 公司实体机 15000转sas
-------------------------------
[
[email protected] /]# dd if=/dev/zero of=/zookeeper.dbf bs=8k count=200000 conv=fdatasync
200000+0 records in
200000+0 records out
1638400000 bytes (1.6 GB) copied, 14.2775 seconds, 115 MB/s
注：关于 conv=fdatasync 请参考：
正确的使用dd进行磁盘读写速度测试
http://elf8848.iteye.com/blogs/2089055
linux 同步IO: sync、fsync与fdatasync 编辑
http://elf8848.iteye.com/blog/2088986
方法2 dd 阿里云服务器
-------------------------------
CentOS 5.7操作系统（阿里云服务器系统盘） 顺序读取测试
time dd if=/dev/hda of=/dev/null bs=8k count=102400
102400+0 records in
102400+0 records out
838860800 bytes (839 MB) copied, 2.9264 seconds, 287 MB/s (第一次)(为什么这么高？)
838860800 bytes (839 MB) copied, 3.0851 seconds, 272 MB/s (第二次)
838860800 bytes (839 MB) copied, 16.7665 seconds, 50.0 MB/s(第三次)（与上一次隔了一个小时，波动？）
838860800 bytes (839 MB) copied, 15.0574 seconds, 55.7 MB/s(第四次)
CentOS 5.7操作系统（阿里云服务器系统盘） 顺序写入测试
[root@1hao /]# time dd if=/dev/zero of=bigfile2 bs=8k count=102400
102400+0 records in
102400+0 records out
838860800 bytes (839 MB) copied, 13.3033 seconds, 63.1 MB/s(第一次)
838860800 bytes (839 MB) copied, 9.51204 seconds, 88.2 MB/s(第二次)
CentOS 5.7操作系统（阿里云服务器虚拟盘） 顺序读取测试
[root@1hao ~]# time dd if=/dev/xvdb of=/dev/null bs=8k count=102400
102400+0 records in
102400+0 records out
838860800 bytes (839 MB) copied, 9.49292 seconds, 88.4 MB/s (第一次)
838860800 bytes (839 MB) copied, 16.1384 seconds, 52.0 MB/s (第二次)
838860800 bytes (839 MB) copied, 14.7076 seconds, 57.0 MB/s (第三次)
838860800 bytes (839 MB) copied, 13.9852 seconds, 60.0 MB/s (第四次)
CentOS 5.7操作系统（阿里云服务器虚拟盘） 顺序写入测试
[root@1hao data0]# time dd if=/dev/zero of=bigfile2 bs=8k count=102400 （bigfile2文件写入到当前目录）
102400+0 records in
102400+0 records out
838860800 bytes (839 MB) copied, 15.0549 seconds, 55.7 MB/s(第一次)
838860800 bytes (839 MB) copied, 12.8344 seconds, 65.4 MB/s(第二次)
请参考：
http://space.itpub.net/441887/viewspace-630694
http://blog.csdn.net/youyudehexie/article/details/8182494
方法2 dd MAC OS 10.7 笔记本
-------------------------------
MAC OS 10.7 操作系统（5400转笔记本硬盘） 顺序读取测试
zhaorai@zhaomatoMacBook-Pro ~$ sudo time dd if=/dev/disk0 of=/dev/null bs=8k count=102400
102400+0 records in
102400+0 records out
838860800 bytes transferred in 29.715178 secs (28230045 bytes/sec)
29.72 real 0.13 user 6.62 sys
MAC OS 10.7 操作系统（5400转笔记本硬盘） 顺序写入测试
zhaorai@zhaomatoMacBook-Pro ~$ dd if=/dev/zero of=bigfile bs=8k count=102400
102400+0 records in
102400+0 records out
838860800 bytes transferred in 16.930649 secs (49546878 bytes/sec)
写测试请参考：
http://langui.sh/2011/04/02/using-dd-in-os-x/
http://askubuntu.com/questions/215262/dd-dev-disk4-permission-denied-error-when-making-liveusb-on-mac-os-x
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近来想了解一下开发环境的IO性能，分别用dd/orion/iozone/bonnie++四种工具测试了一下
原文地址：http://space.itpub.net/441887/viewspace-630694
开发环境系统配置如下:
Intel SR1625
server, 2 CPU, 32GB内存, 用主板自带卡做了raid1+0，8个7200转SATA硬盘
操作系统是RHEL 5.3 64位
因为物理内存是32GB，因此整个过程都选用了60GB+的数据量来测试，以避免cache的影响
1. 首先用自带的dd命令先测一下, 块大小为8k
----------------------------------------
dd只能提供一个大概的测试结果，而且是连续IO而不是随机IO
读测试
# time dd if=/dev/sda2 f=/dev/null bs=8k count=8388608
8388608+0 records in
8388608+0 records out
68719476736 bytes (69 GB) copied, 516.547 seconds, 133 MB/s
real 8m36.926s
user 0m0.117s
sys 0m55.216s
写测试
# time dd if=/dev/zero f=/opt/iotest bs=8k count=8388608
8388608+0 records in
8388608+0 records out
68719476736 bytes (69 GB) copied, 888.398 seconds, 77.4 MB/s
real 14m48.743s
user 0m3.678s
sys 2m47.158s
读写测试
# time dd if=/dev/sda2 f=/opt/iotest bs=8k count=8388608
8388608+0 records in
8388608+0 records out
68719476736 bytes (69 GB) copied, 1869.89 seconds, 36.8 MB/s
real 31m10.343s
user 0m2.613s
sys 3m25.548s
----------------------------------------
解压即可使用
# gzip orion_linux_x86-64.gz
测异步IO时需要libaio库
# export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:/usr/lib64
# echo $LD_LIBRARY_PATH
:/opt/oracle/product/10.2.0/lib:/usr/lib64
创建配置文件mytest.lun,列出要测试的分区即可. 注意文件名前缀要跟下面的 testname一致
# vi mytest.lun
查看mytest.jun内容
# cat mytest.lun
/dev/sda2
先来个simple test
# ./orion_linux_x86-64 -run simple -testname mytest -num_disks 8
查看测试结果
# cat mytest_20081111_1431_summary.txt
ORION VERSION 11.1.0.7.0
Commandline:
-run simple -testname mytest -num_disks 8
This maps to this test:
Test: mytest
Small IO size: 8 KB
Large IO size: 1024 KB
IO Types: Small Random IOs, Large Random IOs
Simulated Array Type: CONCAT
Write: 0%
Cache Size: Not Entered
Duration for each Data Point: 60 seconds
Small Columns:, 0
Large Columns:, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16
Total Data Points: 38
Name: /dev/sda2 Size: 629143441920
1 FILEs found.
Maximum Large MBPS=56.97 @ Small=0 and Large=7
Maximum Small IOPS=442 @ Small=40 and Large=0
Minimum Small Latency=14.62 @ Small=1 and Large=0
最大MBPS为56.97，最大IOPS为442
再测一下8k随机读操作
# ./orion_linux_x86-64 -run advanced -testname mytest -num_disks 8 -size_small 8 -size_large 8 -type rand &
看看结果
# cat mytest_20081111_1519_summary.txt
ORION VERSION 11.1.0.7.0
Commandline:
-run advanced -testname mytest -num_disks 8 -size_small 8 -size_large 8 -type rand
This maps to this test:
Test: mytest
Small IO size: 8 KB
Large IO size: 8 KB
IO Types: Small Random IOs, Large Random IOs
Simulated Array Type: CONCAT
Write: 0%
Cache Size: Not Entered
Duration for each Data Point: 60 seconds
Small Columns:, 0
Large Columns:, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16
Total Data Points: 38
Name: /dev/sda2 Size: 629143441920
1 FILEs found.
Maximum Large MBPS=3.21 @ Small=0 and Large=13
Maximum Small IOPS=448 @ Small=38 and Large=0
Minimum Small Latency=15.16 @ Small=1 and Large=0
最大MBPS为3.21(这么低？？)，最大IOPS为448
再测一下1M顺序读操作, 失败了, 原因不明...
# ./orion_linux_x86-64 -run advanced -testname mytest -num_disks 8 -size_small 1024 -size_large 1024 -type seq
ORION: ORacle IO Numbers -- Version 11.1.0.7.0
mytest_20081114_1349
Test will take approximately 73 minutes
Larger caches may take longer
rwbase_run_test: rwbase_reap_req failed
rwbase_run_process: rwbase_run_test failed
rwbase_rwluns: rwbase_run_process failed
orion_warm_cache: Warming cache failed. Continuing
看看结果
# cat mytest_20081111_1620_summary.txt
ORION VERSION 11.1.0.7.0
Commandline:
-run advanced -testname mytest -num_disks 8 -size_small 1024 -size_large 1024 -type seq
This maps to this test:
Test: mytest
Small IO size: 1024 KB
Large IO size: 1024 KB
IO Types: Small Random IOs, Large Sequential Streams
Number of Concurrent IOs Per Stream: 4
Force streams to separate disks: No
Simulated Array Type: CONCAT
Write: 0%
Cache Size: Not Entered
Duration for each Data Point: 60 seconds
没结果，失败
----------------------------------------
# tar -xvf iozone3_345.tar
# make linux-AMD64
指定64G的文件，只测read/reread和write/rewrite，记录大小从4k-16k.同时生成一个excel文件iozone.wks
# ./iozone -Rab iozone.wks -s64G -i 0 -i 1 -y 4k -q 16k
Iozone: Performance Test of File I/O
Version $Revision: 3.345 $
Compiled for 64 bit mode.
Build: linux-AMD64
Contributors:William Norcott, Don Capps, Isom Crawford, Kirby Collins
Al Slater, Scott Rhine, Mike Wisner, Ken Goss
Steve Landherr, Brad Smith, Mark Kelly, Dr. Alain CYR,
Randy Dunlap, Mark Montague, Dan Million, Gavin Brebner,
Jean-Marc Zucconi, Jeff Blomberg, Benny Halevy, Dave Boone,
Erik Habbinga, Kris Strecker, Walter Wong, Joshua Root,
Fabrice Bacchella, Zhenghua Xue, Qin Li.
Run began: Tue Nov 11 10:23:25
2008
Excel chart generation enabled
Auto Mode
File size set to 67108864 KB
Using Minimum Record Size 4 KB
Using Maximum Record Size 16 KB
Command line used: ./iozone -Rab iozone.wks -s64G -i 0 -i 1 -y 4k -q 16k
Output is in Kbytes/sec
Time Resolution = 0.000001 seconds.
Processor cache size set to 1024 Kbytes.
Processor cache line size set to 32 bytes.
File stride size set to 17 * record size.
random random bkwd record stride
KB reclen write rewrite read reread read write read rewrite read fwrite frewrite fread freread
67108864 4 72882 69470 104898 125512
67108864 8 72083 69256 133689 109061
67108864 16 73375 69155 142019 116034
iozone test complete.
Excel output is below:
"Writer report"
"4" "8" "16"
"67108864" 72882 72083 73375
"Re-writer report"
"4" "8" "16"
"67108864" 69470 69256 69155
"Reader report"
"4" "8" "16"
"67108864" 104898 133689 142019
"Re-Reader report"
"4" "8" "16"
"67108864" 125512 109061 116034
可以看到，8k的写是72M/s左右，读是133M/s左右，跟dd的结果比较接近
测一下64G文件8k随机读写
# ./iozone -Rab iozone.wks -s64G -i 2 -y 8k -q 8k
Iozone: Performance Test of File I/O
Version $Revision: 3.345 $
Compiled for 64 bit mode.
Build: linux-AMD64
Contributors:William Norcott, Don Capps, Isom Crawford, Kirby Collins
Al Slater, Scott Rhine, Mike Wisner, Ken Goss
Steve Landherr, Brad Smith, Mark Kelly, Dr. Alain CYR,
Randy Dunlap, Mark Montague, Dan Million, Gavin Brebner,
Jean-Marc Zucconi, Jeff Blomberg, Benny Halevy, Dave Boone,
Erik Habbinga, Kris Strecker, Walter Wong, Joshua Root,
Fabrice Bacchella, Zhenghua Xue, Qin Li.
Run began: Fri Nov 14 15:52:01 2008
Excel chart generation enabled
Auto Mode
File size set to 67108864 KB
Using Minimum Record Size 8 KB
Using Maximum Record Size 8 KB
Command line used: ./iozone -Rab iozone.wks -s64G -i 2 -y 8k -q 8k
Output is in Kbytes/sec
Time Resolution = 0.000001 seconds.
Processor cache size set to 1024 Kbytes.
Processor cache line size set to 32 bytes.
File stride size set to 17 * record size.
random random bkwd record stride
KB reclen write rewrite read reread read write read rewrite read fwrite frewrite fread freread
67108864 8
Error reading block at 6501007360
read: Success
出错了(??)
----------------------------------------
安装
# export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:/usr/lib64
# ./configure
# make
# make install
开始测试，默认文件大小是内存的2倍
# bonnie++ -d /opt/IOTest/ -m sva17 -u root
Using uid:0, gid:0.
Writing with putc()...done
Writing intelligently...done
Rewriting...done
Reading with getc()...done
Reading intelligently...done
start 'em...done...done...done...
Create files in sequential order...done.
Stat files in sequential order...done.
Delete files in sequential order...done.
Create files in random order...done.
Stat files in random order...done.
Delete files in random order...done.
Version 1.03e ------Sequential Output------ --Sequential Input- --Random-
-Per Chr- --Block-- -Rewrite- -Per Chr- --Block-- --Seeks--
Machine Size K/sec %CP K/sec %CP K/sec %CP K/sec %CP K/sec %CP /sec %CP
sva17 63G 52391 84 35222 7 34323 6 56362 88 131568 10 176.7 0
------Sequential Create------ --------Random Create--------
-Create-- --Read--- -Delete-- -Create-- --Read--- -Delete--
files /sec %CP /sec %CP /sec %CP /sec %CP /sec %CP /sec %CP
16 +++++ +++ +++++ +++ +++++ +++ +++++ +++ +++++ +++ +++++ +++
sva17,63G,52391,84,35222,7,34323,6,56362,88,131568,10,176.7,0,16,+++++,+++,+++++,+++,+++++,+++,+++++,+++,+++++,+++,+++++,+++
顺序写: 按字符是52391KB/s，CPU占用率84%；按块是35222KB/s，CPU占用率7%
顺序读: 按字符是56362KB/s, CPU占用率88%；按块是131568KB/s，CPU占用率10%
随机读写: 176.7次/s，CPU占用率0%
后两项全是++ (没结果?)
结论:不同测试工具构建出来的测试环境不同，侧重点也不一样，得到的结果可能相差比较大。
MBPS:
dd和iozone比较接近，读写分别是130+和70+。
orion读57左右，写没测(会删掉分区内所有文件!)
bonnie++按块读是130左右，写是35左右；按字符读是56左右，写是52左右
IOPS:
dd 无结果
orion 440左右(只读)
iozone 出错
bonnie++ 176.7 (读写)
